Swallowing phlegm while fasting

Question:   

1. Does Swallowing phlegm that has built up breakfast?

2. Do we have to make up for an optional fast that we broke due to a reason or without a reason

3. Can one pray sunnah and nafl when being a traveler

4. if one reads full prayers, are they sinful when being a traveler if they want to read them

5. Can one join the prayers when a traveler

6. Can one Pray their Fardh prayers or any prayers while the car is moving

Answer: In the name of Allah, Most Compassionate, Most Merciful,

Assalam’aleykum, I pray this finds you in the best of states.

Jazakum Allah khayr for your question!

1. No swallowing back phlegm that has reached the mouth doesn’t break the fast whether it is swallowed willingly or not and whether it has reached the mouth willingly or not. [ Ibn Abidin; Radd al-Muhtar]

It is nonetheless superior to make it exit the mouth to avoid differences of opinions amongst scholars. [Maraqi al-Falah]

2. It is necessary (wajib) to make up a voluntary fast after breaking it, whether it was for a good reason or not. [Nur al-Idah]

3. Yes, one can pray the sunna prayers while traveling. [ Maraqi al-Falah]

4. , Yes, it is sinful to pray 4 cycles while traveling because it is necessary (wajib) to only pray 2 cycles when performing a prayer that should be shortened. [ Tahtawi; Gloss on Maraqi al-Falah]

5. No one cannot join prayers when traveling, according to the Hanafi school. It is possible to do so according to other schools.

6. It is permitted to pray voluntary (nafl) prayers whilst sitting in your seat [of a vehicle] if you are outside the city limits. [Shurunbulali, Maraqi al-Falah]

As for obligatory prayers, it is not permitted to pray them whilst seated without genuine excuse.

And Allah knows best.

May  Allah Most High grant you the best of this world and the next. Please keep us in your du’as!

Wassalam

[Ustadh] Sufyan Qufi